Medical science of Uzbekistan
type: channel
description: Deprecated: preg_replace(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($subject) of type array|string is deprecated in /home/journals/web/fdoctors.uz/public_html/cache/t_compile/4f3eece4fbf4bf92faa7a4caadc7e25ae9a7b92d^c940d5f8376e6af774deb7e0a5efe41e5bfff906_0.plugins-1-plugins-generic-webFeed-generic-webFeed.rss.tpl.php on line 49
publisher: ANDIJAN STATE MEDICAL INSTITUTE and I-EDU GROUP
language: en
publication name: Medical science of Uzbekistan
issn: 2181-3612
items: Prevalence and clinical significance of the mtr gene a2756g polymorphism in congenital pathology in newborns
items: https://www.fdoctors.uz/index.php/journal/en/article/view/263
items: Antibiotics and bacteriophage therapy in surgical site infection prevention and treatment: a structured evidence-mapping review with descriptive safety and outcome summaries
items: Complex diagnostics and prognostic aspects of neuro-endocrinological indicators in combined acute traumatic brain injuries
items: The role of regional lymphatic therapy in gunshot wounds of the extremities
items: Characteristics of microelementosis as a risk factor of chronic gastroduodenal diseases in HIV-infected population
items: https://www.fdoctors.uz/index.php/journal/en/article/view/257
items: Cystic duplication as a rare congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract in children
items: Study of pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in rats under conditions of lymphotropic and intramuscular administration
items: Pathomorphology of regional and mesenteric lymph nodes in acute and chronic alcoholic pancreatitis: a comparative autopsy study
items: Parity-Dependent Pancreatic Morphological and Morphometric Changes in Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy: An Autopsy Study
items: Effectiveness of multi-component bioimpedance analysis (phase angle, body cell mass, and basal metabolic rate) in diagnosing pediatric protein-energy malnutrition
items: RISK FACTORS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN ADOLESCENT GIRLS WITH COMORBID PATHOLOGIES
items: CURRENT PERSPECTIVES ON INFLAMMATORY BRONCHOPULMONARY DISEASES WITH AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION IN CHILDREN
items: THE STATE OF IMMUNOREACTIVITY IN CHILDREN DEPENDING ON TYPES OF NUTRITION
items: CLINICAL AND PATHOGENETIC FEATURES OF MICROCIRCULATORY CHANGES IN BRONCHOPULMONARY DISEASES IN CHILDREN
items: FEATURES OF THE HEMOSTASIS SYSTEM IN INFANTS WITH ACUTE PNEUMONIA ON THE BACKGROUND OF PERINATAL CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INJURY
items: SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF THE NURSE’S PREVENTIVE ROLE IN EARLY DETECTION AND PREVENTION OF ANEMIA AND OBESITY AMONG PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
items: CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES TO MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION WITHOUT CORONARY ARTERY STENOSIS
items: EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETIC ASPECTS OF CYSTIC FIBROSIS (LITERATURE REVIEW)
items: MENTAL DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH NEWLY DIAGNOSIS OF TUBERCULOSIS
items: POST-COVID CHANGES IN CLINICAL AND LABORATORY PARAMETERS AND THEIR INTERRELATIONSHIPS IN CHILDREN WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
items: CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HYPOXIC-ISCHEMIC ENCEPHALOPATHY IN NEWBORNS DEPENDING ON SEVERITY LEVEL
items: MODERN COURSE OF RECURRENT OBSTRUCTIVE BRONCHITIS IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN AND THE ROLE OF VITAMIN D STATUS
items: PREDICTING THE POSSIBILITY OF DEVELOPING MULTIORGAN DEFICIENCY SYNDROME IN PATIENTS WITH PERITONITIS
items: RISK FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND FEATURES OF THE COURSE OF URATE NEPHROPATHY IN FREQUENTLY ILL CHILDREN
items: MICROCIRCULATORY CHANGES AND THEIR PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE IN CHILDREN WITH ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA
items: PREVALENCE AND MAIN PROBLEMS OF ANEMIA IN CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
items: INFLUENCE OF THYROID HORMONAL IMBALANCE ON THE SEVERITY OF NEPHROTIC SYNDROME IN CHILDREN
items: CLINICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA IN CHILDREN WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA ASSOCIATED WITH MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE AND CHLAMYDIA PNEUMONIAE

Prevalence and clinical significance of the mtr gene a2756g polymorphism in congenital pathology in newborns
type: item
description: Aim. To investigate the distribution frequency and evaluate the association of MTR gene polymorphic variants (Asp919Gly, rs1805087) in newborns with congenital malformations (CMs). Materials and Methods. The study included 113 newborns with CMs (main group), subdivided into three clinical subgroups: folate-dependent CMs (n=75), folate-independent CMs (n=21), and CMs associated with chromosomal abnormalities (n=17), as well as 110 healthy newborns (control group). Genotyping was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results. The frequency of the minor Gly allele in the main group (35.84%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (21.36%). The most pronounced differences were observed in the subgroup with folate-dependent CMs, where the Gly allele frequency reached 40.67%, and the homozygous Gly/Gly genotype was detected in 21.33% of cases compared with 7.27% in the control group (χ²=7.8; p=0.01; OR=3.46; 95% CI: 1.45–8.26). Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium analysis demonstrated a significant deviation in the main group (χ²=5.03; p=0.028), with a deficiency of heterozygotes (D=−0.21). No significant associations between the MTR A2756G polymorphism and folate-independent CMs or CMs associated with chromosomal abnormalities were identified. The Gly/Gly genotype demonstrated high specificity (SP=0.93) and an area under the ROC curve (AUC=0.57) as a marker of folate-dependent CMs. Conclusion. The findings suggest that the MTR Asp919Gly polymorphism may serve as a potential molecular genetic marker of susceptibility to folate-dependent congenital malformations in newborns.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: MTR gene
  topic: keywords
subject: congenital malformations
  topic: keywords
subject: newborns
  topic: keywords
subject: folate metabolism
  topic: keywords
subject: molecular genetic risk markers
  topic: keywords
creator: Gulnaz Kamalova
creator: Nargiza Khodjamoва
creator: Khamid Karimov
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Medical science of Uzbekistan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 33
ending page: 49
doi: 10.56121/MSU-2026-2-00009

https://www.fdoctors.uz/index.php/journal/en/article/view/263
type: item
title: Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation in Children: Structure, Logistics, and Clinical Outcomes of the Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery and Transplantation of the National Children’s Medical Center
description: Aim. To evaluate the organizational structure, logistics, spectrum of surgical interventions, and clinical outcomes of the Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery and Transplantation of the National Children's Medical Center, a specialized pediatric center of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Materials and Methods. The study included 259 pediatric patients consecutively treated in the department between 2020 and 2026. Data from patients with biliary atresia, choledochal cysts, echinococcosis, extrahepatic portal hypertension, congenital portosystemic shunts, malignant liver tumors, as well as patients who underwent liver transplantation and pancreatoduodenal resections were analyzed. Clinical characteristics, intraoperative parameters, complications, and follow-up outcomes were evaluated. Results. The most common conditions were echinococcosis (n = 91), biliary atresia (n = 56), choledochal cysts (n = 54), and extrahepatic portal hypertension (n = 17). Among patients with echinococcosis, liver involvement predominated (n = 67), whereas lung involvement (n = 13), combined lesions (n = 6), and involvement of the spleen, diaphragm, and pelvis were less frequent. Open surgery was performed in 68.1% of patients, laparoscopic surgery in 28.6%, and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in 3.3%. Recurrence of echinococcosis was observed in 7.7% of patients and was predominantly associated with poor adherence to postoperative albendazole therapy. Twelve living donor liver transplantations were performed in children aged 5 months to 16 years. The main indications for transplantation were biliary atresia, autoimmune hepatitis, Wilson disease, and Caroli disease. The mean operative time was 523.8 ± 117.0 minutes, and the median blood loss was 200 mL. Vascular complications occurred in 25% of recipients, whereas no biliary complications were observed. Recipient and graft survival reached 100% throughout the follow-up period. All donors were first- or second-degree relatives; Grade II …
subject: Article / Review
  topic: section
subject: pediatric hepatobiliary surgery
  topic: keywords
subject: liver transplantation
  topic: keywords
subject: Kasai procedure
  topic: keywords
subject: biliary atresia
  topic: keywords
subject: choledochal cyst
  topic: keywords
subject: echinococcosis
  topic: keywords
subject: portal hypertension
  topic: keywords
subject: Rex shunt
  topic: keywords
subject: Warren shunt
  topic: keywords
subject: living donor liver transplantation
  topic: keywords
subject: portosystemic shunts
  topic: keywords
subject: minimally invasive surgery
  topic: keywords
subject: Uzbekistan
  topic: keywords
subject: Central Asia
  topic: keywords
creator: Konstantin Semash
creator: Timur Dzhanbekov
creator: Mansur Nasirov
creator: Qosimjon Umarov
rights: Copyright (c) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-04-30
publication date: 2025-04-30
starting page: 14
ending page: 32
doi: 10.56121/MSU-2026-2-00008

Antibiotics and bacteriophage therapy in surgical site infection prevention and treatment: a structured evidence-mapping review with descriptive safety and outcome summaries
type: item
description: Aim. Surgical site infection (SSI) remains a major postoperative complication and contributes to prolonged wound care, antibiotic exposure, antimicrobial resistance and healthcare costs. Bacteriophage therapy has re-emerged as a targeted antibacterial approach, but the available clinical literature includes very different contexts, ranging from routine antibiotic prophylaxis to salvage treatment of chronic, biofilm-associated or implant-related infections. Materials and methods. This article is presented as a structured evidence-mapping review with descriptive safety and outcome summaries, not as a full systematic review or meta-analysis. A complete database screening log, duplicate-removal record, full-text exclusion list and prospectively documented PRISMA flow counts were not available. Therefore, the findings should be interpreted as an evidence map based on an extracted source set rather than as an exhaustive systematic synthesis of all available literature. Clinical sources were classified by clinical purpose: SSI prevention, treatment of established infection, chronic wound/diabetic foot infection and prosthetic joint/implant-associated infection. Outcomes were separated into negative prevention outcomes, such as SSI incidence, and positive treatment outcomes, such as wound healing, bacterial eradication or clinical resolution. Methodological confidence was considered according to study design using principles consistent with RoB 2, ROBINS-I, JBI checklists, AMSTAR 2 and GRADE. Results. Antibiotic-only prophylaxis studies reported variable SSI or wound-infection rates, with a descriptive event summary of 11.17% in general-surgery prophylaxis. Phage evidence was concentrated mainly in treatment settings, where endpoints included infection resolution, eradication, reduced bacterial burden or wound healing. Phage-only chronic-wound studies showed an 80.9% descriptive success/healing/burden-reduction signal, whereas phage-only orthopedic evidence was based mainly…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bacteriophages
  topic: keywords
subject: Surgical Wound Infection
  topic: keywords
subject: Antibiotic Prophylaxis
  topic: keywords
subject: Anti-Bacterial Agents
  topic: keywords
subject: Drug Resistance
  topic: keywords
subject: Bacterial
  topic: keywords
subject: Wound Healing
  topic: keywords
creator: Nilufar Saidmurodova
creator: Sur’at Gulyamov
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 3
ending page: 13
doi: 10.56121/MSU-2026-2-00007

Complex diagnostics and prognostic aspects of neuro-endocrinological indicators in combined acute traumatic brain injuries
type: item
description: Combined acute traumatic cerebral injury causes direct damage to brain structures and disrupts the work of distant organs, depending on the severity of the traumatic factor. Neuroendocrine disorders are often underdiagnosed in combined acute traumatic brain injuries, which entails the development of complications in both the acute and chronic phases of the disease. The purpose of this study was to analyse the latest scientific evidence on neuro-endocrinological indicators in combined acute traumatic brain injuries to improve patient management protocols and overall survival rates. The research papers from open databases over the past five years have been analysed. It was found that the most common neuro-endocrinological conditions after brain injuries are hypopituitarism, diabetes insipidus, hypothalamus dysfunction, and cognitive disorders. Low blood pressure (both systemic and internal cerebral), anaemia and hypoxia can cause ischemic changes in the central endocrine glands. In the acute phase of the course of combined traumatic brain injuries, signs of deficiency of somatotropic, gonadotropic, and adrenocorticotropic hormones prevail. Vasopressin deficiency in the acute phase is associated with an increased risk of brain oedema, and oxytocin – with the development of neurodegenerative pathologies. Differential diagnosis of neuro-endocrine disorders should be carried out on the basis of anamnestic data and indicators of biochemical and hormonal data of the patient. The obtained data emphasise the importance of timely diagnosis of neuroendocrine disorders along with neurological disorders during the management of patients with traumatic brain injuries can be used both at the stage of primary diagnosis and during the rehabilitation process.
subject: Article / Review
  topic: section
subject: adenohypophysis
  topic: keywords
subject: trauma
  topic: keywords
subject: central nervous system
  topic: keywords
subject: neurological disorders
  topic: keywords
subject: hypothalamus
  topic: keywords
creator: Kahramonjon Kuldashev
creator: Feruza Khaydarova
creator: Yayraxon Kuldasheva
creator: Zilola Khakimova
creator: Gulmira Inomova
rights: Copyright (c) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-27
publication date: 2026-02-27
starting page: 53
ending page: 63
doi: 10.56121/MSU-2026-1-00006

The role of regional lymphatic therapy in gunshot wounds of the extremities
type: item
description: Cases of gunshot wounds of the extremities are increasing every year in the Republic of Uzbekistan and other countries of the world. The urgency of this problem is justified by the high rates of death, purulent-septic complications, and disability, especially given the progress in the development of new types of weapons with greater penetrating power. The purpose of this study was to conduct experimental regional lymphatic treatment and use the results of the protocol to manage patients with isolated and combined gunshot wounds of the extremities. To achieve the goal of the study, 169 patients with gunshot wounds of the extremities were examined and divided into four main groups receiving lymphotherapy and control subgroups receiving standard treatment. In experimental studies, gunshot wounds of the extremities on the first day after injury are characterized by volumetric swelling of the intercellular space with the accumulation of microbes and deposition of fibrin, cellular dentin, and necrobiosis products in the lymph nodes. The use of regional lymphatic therapy in the experimental groups showed an active and rapid process of soft tissue regeneration in the traumatized area compared to that in the control group. Timely sorting and transportation of the wounded to specialized medical institutions contributed to the high effectiveness of surgical and therapeutic treatment methods in the first hours after the injury. The use of lymphotropic antibiotic therapy with cephalosporins or aminoglycosides and lymphatic stimulation showed positive dynamics of connective tissue remodelling, consistently high and long-term concentration of drugs in the lymph nodes, and low rates of infectious complications. The data obtained can be used in military medicine, emergency medicine, and surgery to improve protocols for managing patients with gunshot wounds of the extremities and the introduction of tactics aimed at preserving the functionality of regional tissues and preventing infe…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Tissue remodelling
  topic: keywords
subject: antibiotic therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: lymphatic drainage
  topic: keywords
subject: military surgery
  topic: keywords
subject: primary surgical treatment
  topic: keywords
subject: wound healing
  topic: keywords
creator: Kamal Mirzayev
rights: Copyright (c) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-27
publication date: 2026-02-27
starting page: 38
ending page: 52
doi: 10.56121/MSU-2026-1-00005

Characteristics of microelementosis as a risk factor of chronic gastroduodenal diseases in HIV-infected population
type: item
description: Chronic gastroduodenal diseases (CGD), including peptic ulcers, chronic gastritis, and gastroduodenitis, are common among people living with HIV. One of the major risk factors associated with these conditions is microelementosis (MTOS), characterized by imbalances in essential trace elements. This study investigates the prevalence and impact of MTOS in the HIV-infected population.\\ Aim. To evaluate the prevalence, severity, and specific biochemical deficiencies associated with MTOS and its potential role as a risk factor for CGD in HIV-infected individuals. Materials and methods. This study involved 507 HIV-infected adults, aged 20–69, residing in Andijan, Uzbekistan. Participants were assessed for levels of key electrolytes, including potassium, calcium, and sodium, using fasting blood samples. Participants were categorized by age and gender to explore demographic variations in MTOS prevalence and severity. Results. The study found high rates of electrolyte deficiencies among participants, with 89.2% experiencing hyponatremia, 72.2% hypokalemia, and 28.8% hypocalcemia. Significant gender-based differences were observed, with HIV-infected women displaying higher prevalence rates of hyponatremia and hypokalemia. The data also indicated a progressive increase in the prevalence of severe MTOS with age (P < 0.05), suggesting an age-related risk for CGD. Conclusion. Microelementosis represents a significant risk factor for CGD in HIV-infected individuals, and this study underscores the need for targeted nutritional support and regular electrolyte monitoring in this population. Preventative strategies, including diet modifications and micronutrient supplementation, may help mitigate CGD progression in HIV-infected patients.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Microelementosis
  topic: keywords
subject: chronic gastroduodenal diseases
  topic: keywords
subject: HIV infection
  topic: keywords
subject: electrolyte imbalance
  topic: keywords
subject: trace elements
  topic: keywords
creator: Donokhon Makhsumova
creator: Sherzodbek Alibekov
creator: Zukhriddin Salokhiddinov
creator: Ne’matjon Mamasoliev
rights: Copyright (c) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-27
publication date: 2026-02-27
starting page: 32
ending page: 37
doi: 10.56121/MSU-2026-1-00004

https://www.fdoctors.uz/index.php/journal/en/article/view/257
type: item
title: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and congestive heart failure: iarc-icpms. Three clinical applications of the human gene: a narrative literature review of comorbidity, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management
description: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and congestive heart failure (CHF) are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. The high comorbidity burden presents important clinical challenges in exacerbating the issues of diagnosis and treatment due to overlapping symptom profiles, shared risk factors, and interconnected pathophysiological processes. This narrative review summarizes recent evidence on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic challenges and therapeutic strategies for these patients. Peer-reviewed studies were identified by conducting a systematic search of PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE from 2016 to 2024. Existing data suggests that COPD occurs in 20–30\% of patients with CHF, and a comparable proportion of moderate-to-severe COPD has left ventricular dysfunction. Coginitive impairment is an independent predictor of adverse clinical outcomes, including higher rates of hospitalization and mortality. Systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, skeletal muscle dysfunction and neurohormonal activation are shared pathways linking these different diseases. Differential diagnosis is limited because of clinical symptom overlap; however, each mentioned biomarker has complementary diagnostic utility in general: natriuretic peptides will identify pulmonary hypertension due to left heart failure, echocardiography can assess underlying structural heart disease and pulmonary function testing helps characterize the underlying pathology. Management should be a personalized and multi-faceted approach focusing on drug safety related to beta-blockers and bronchodilators along with non-pharmacologic strategies such as pulmonary rehabilitation and cardiac rehabilitation. This review underscores the need for joint clinical assessment and supports more prospective studies of this high-risk group.
subject: Article / Review
  topic: section
subject: COPD
  topic: keywords
subject: congestive heart failure
  topic: keywords
subject: cardiopulmonary comorbidity
  topic: keywords
subject: dyspnea
  topic: keywords
subject: diagnosis
  topic: keywords
subject: pharmacotherapy
  topic: keywords
subject: rehabilitation
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdigaffor Gadayev
creator: Rustam Turakulov
creator: Bakhtiyor Nurullayev
rights: Copyright (c) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-27
publication date: 2026-02-27
starting page: 21
ending page: 31
doi: 10.56121/MSU-2026-1-00003

Cystic duplication as a rare congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract in children
type: item
description: Case: A 1-year-old female patient presented for the workup of a cystic abdominal lesion that was first discovered at 6 to 7 months of life. A first CT scan of the abdomen and retroperitoneal space showed a cystic mass localized nearby the left adrenal gland. Based on these results the patient was referred to our clinic. An abdominal multislice computed tomography (MSCT) was performed later, which could separate the diagnoses of splenic cyst and gastric duplication cyst. On serial ultrasound examinations, the lesion progressively increased in size, and surgical management was undertaken. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of gastric duplication. Conclusion. The multimodal diagnostic approach allows early identification of this rare pathology, aids the differintial diagnosis in atypical gastric duplication localization cases and allows to determine indications for surgical treatment.
subject: Clinical case
  topic: section
subject: Stomach duplication
  topic: keywords
subject: children
  topic: keywords
subject: surgical treatment
  topic: keywords
creator: Jamoliddin Sattarov
creator: Marufjon Boboev
creator: Nodirjon Khaidarov
rights: Copyright (c) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-04
publication date: 2026-05-04
starting page: 15
ending page: 20
doi: 10.56121/MSU-2026-1-00002

Study of pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in rats under conditions of lymphotropic and intramuscular administration
type: item
description: The study of the pharmacokinetics of antibiotics on model objects makes it possible to optimize their dosage and method of administration for further clinical practice. Aim. The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics of gentamicin sulfate in rats following intramuscular and lymphotropic pretracheal administration. Materials and methods. The disk diffusion method was used to determine the antibiotic concentration in blood and tissue homogenate for Escherichia coli NCTC 8172. Gentamicin sulfate concentration was highest in blood samples after intramuscular administration for the first hour and lowest in pleura. In the lymphotropic method, drug concentration in tissues was higher than after muscle injection, and most antibiotics accumulated in lung tissue within the first hour. Antibiotic kinetics were either linear or logarithmic. Results. The results indicated that the highest concentration of gentamicin sulfate was found in blood samples after intramuscular administration for the first hour, while the least amount of antibiotics accumulated in the pleura. The kinetics of gentamicin were observed to be either linear or logarithmic. The half-life of the drug for lymphotropic administration was found to be 4 hours, while for intramuscular administration, it ranged from 2 to 5 hours, depending on the object of screening. After 24 hours, regardless of the method of administration, the antibiotic was eliminated at residual amounts of no more than 10 μg/mg. Conclusion. The study concluded that the pretracheal method of administration is more effective and can be used to optimize gentamicin treatment of bacterial infections.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Pre-tracheal injection
  topic: keywords
subject: residual content
  topic: keywords
subject: lungs
  topic: keywords
subject: lymph nodes
  topic: keywords
subject: trachea
  topic: keywords
subject: bronchi
  topic: keywords
creator: Bahtiyarjon Mamatov
creator: Abdurayim Arzikulov
creator: Oybek Ismailov
creator: Sherzod Toshboev
rights: Copyright (c) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-27
publication date: 2026-02-27
starting page: 3
ending page: 14
doi: 10.56121/MSU-2026-1-00001

Pathomorphology of regional and mesenteric lymph nodes in acute and chronic alcoholic pancreatitis: a comparative autopsy study
type: item
description: Aim. To characterise and compare the pathomorphological changes of peripancreatic (regional) and mesenteric lymph nodes in acute and chronic alcoholic pancreatitis, and to define the structural correlates of their impaired immunopoietic and barrier–filtration functions. Materials and methods. Peripancreatic and mesenteric lymph nodes obtained at autopsy from decedents with a clinically and anamnestically confirmed history of chronic alcohol misuse were examined. Sections were stained with haematoxylin–eosin, van Gieson and alcian blue, and assessed semi-quantitatively across four morphofunctional compartments (capsule and sinuses, cortex, paracortex, medulla). Results. Acute forms were dominated by massive interstitial oedema involving all compartments, subcapsular and intermediate sinus dilatation, capsular disorganisation with fibre destruction, and sequestration of cortical lymphoid follicles. Chronic forms showed parenchymal atrophy with reciprocal proliferation and sclerosis of stromal–vascular structures, capsular thickening, medullary neoangiogenesis, sinus histiocytosis with plasmacytic and fibroblastic accumulation, and reticulosclerosis. In both groups paracortical postcapillary venules lost their high-endothelial phenotype and converted to thin-walled congested veins without transmural lymphocyte migration, and the reticular cell–lymphocyte symbiosis was disrupted. Conclusion. Alcoholic pancreatitis induces a stage-dependent, non-infectious lymphadenopathy that progresses from oedematous–destructive to atrophic–sclerotic remodelling, providing a structural basis for the impaired regional immune response and lymphatic drainage that accompany the disease.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: pancreatitis
  topic: keywords
subject: alcoholic
  topic: keywords
subject: lymph nodes
  topic: keywords
subject: autopsy
  topic: keywords
subject: fibrosis
  topic: keywords
subject: immunity
  topic: keywords
subject: cellular
  topic: keywords
subject: pathology
  topic: keywords
creator: Azizbek Latibjonov
creator: Yulduz Musaeva
rights: Copyright (c) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 61
ending page: 73
doi: 10.56121/MSU-2026-2-00011

Parity-Dependent Pancreatic Morphological and Morphometric Changes in Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy: An Autopsy Study
type: item
description: Aim. To characterise the morphological and morphometric changes of the pancreas, and their relationship with hepatic injury and pregnancy parity, in women who died with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP). Materials and Methods. An autopsy-based morphological and quantitative morphometric study was performed on liver and pancreatic tissue from 51 women who died with severe ICP (Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Pathological Anatomy, 2013–2023), compared with 12 fertile-age controls who died of acute myocardial infarction. Sections were stained with haematoxylin–eosin and digitised for morphometry (12 parameters) in 28 index cases and controls; means were compared using Student’s t-test. Results. ICP livers showed centrilobular and midzonal hepatocellular cholestasis, bile-pigment accumulation, hydropic dystrophy and necrobiosis (54.2%), with canalicular bile stasis in 75% of cases. The pancreas showed bile reflux into major and lobular ducts, segmental acinar necrosis, vacuolar dystrophy, interstitial oedema, periductal infiltration and progressive fibrosis. All 12 morphometric indices differed significantly from controls (P<0.01–P<0.001), and severity increased with parity, being most pronounced in the third and fourth pregnancies. Conclusion. ICP is a systemic, bile-acid-mediated toxic condition producing quantifiable, parity-dependent pancreatic injury alongside hepatic cholestasis, supporting closer pancreatic surveillance in severe or recurrent ICP.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
  topic: keywords
subject: pancreas
  topic: keywords
subject: liver
  topic: keywords
subject: morphometry
  topic: keywords
subject: parity
  topic: keywords
subject: bile acids
  topic: keywords
subject: autopsy
  topic: keywords
subject: pancreatitis
  topic: keywords
subject: islets of Langerhans
  topic: keywords
subject: histopathology
  topic: keywords
creator: Bobur Khoshimov
creator: Sherzod Kenjaev
rights: Copyright (c) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 74
ending page: 82
doi: 10.56121/MSU-2026-2-00012

Effectiveness of multi-component bioimpedance analysis (phase angle, body cell mass, and basal metabolic rate) in diagnosing pediatric protein-energy malnutrition
type: item
description: Aim. To comparatively evaluate the diagnostic informativeness of multicomponent bioimpedance analysis (MEDASS BIA) parameters in children with protein-energy malnutrition (PEM)— Phase angle, Active Cell Mass (ACM), Fat Mass (FM), Skeletal Muscle Mass (SMM), and Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) indicators — in comparison with conventional anthropometry (BMI). Materials and Methods. The clinical study included 10 children aged 6–13 years with PEM and 10 healthy peers (control group). Patients were differentiated by age (6–9 years: 70.0%, 10–13 years: 30.0%), sex (60.0% boys, 40.0% girls), etiological factors (alimentary 60.0%, secondary 40.0%), and severity of PEM (Grade I subclinical: 40.0%, Grade II moderate: 40.0%, Grade III severe cachectic: 20.0%), and underwent anthropometry and MEDASS bioimpedance analysis (PA, ACM, SMM, FM, BMR). Results. In the PEM group, BMI was 13.51 ± 0.32 kg/m² (16.33 ± 0.86 kg/m² in the control group, p < 0.001), while profound systemic changes were identified in bioimpedance parameters: Phase angle decreased to 5.17 ± 0.17° (5.59 ± 0.28° in the control group, p < 0.05), SMM to 7.96 ± 1.30 kg (p < 0.05), and ACM to 9.42 ± 0.75 kg (66–75% of the normal value, p < 0.01). The proportion of fat mass demonstrated a marked deficit (%FM = 7.78 ± 0.89% vs 16.76 ± 0.30%, p < 0.001), while BMR decreased to 916.0 ± 23.5 kcal/day, indicating metabolic adaptation (p < 0.01). Conclusion. The multicomponent BIA method has higher diagnostic sensitivity than anthropometry for detecting cellular and metabolic changes at the subclinical stage of PEM.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: protein-energy malnutrition
  topic: keywords
subject: bioimpedance analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: body cell mass
  topic: keywords
subject: fat mass
  topic: keywords
subject: basal metabolic rate
  topic: keywords
subject: phase angle
  topic: keywords
subject: pediatric nutrition
  topic: keywords
creator: Sanoat Ravshanova
rights: Copyright (c) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 50
ending page: 60
doi: 10.56121/MSU-2026-2-00010

RISK FACTORS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN ADOLESCENT GIRLS WITH COMORBID PATHOLOGIES
type: item
description: Relevance. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in adolescent girls are among the most common childhood diseases, second only to respiratory tract infections. Special attention is required for cases with comorbid pathologies, where UTIs develop against the background of various somatic or functional disorders. This combination leads to an increased frequency of relapses, chronic inflammation, and reduced quality of life. The present study analyzes the risk factors of comorbid pathologies in urinary tract infections among adolescent girls, which is crucial for early detection and prevention of complications. Objective. To study the risk factors and clinical characteristics of urinary tract infections in adolescent girls with comorbid conditions. Materials and Methods. The study included 50 female patients aged 10–17 years who received inpatient treatment in the Department of Urology and Pediatric Gynecology, Clinic No. 2, Tashkent State Medical University. All patients underwent a comprehensive examination following a standardized protocol, which included a detailed medical history (including perinatal and gynecological data), clinical assessment, laboratory tests (urinalysis, urine culture with pathogen titer determination), coprological and microbiological stool analysis, and ultrasound scanning of the abdominal and pelvic organs. Results and Discussion. Patients were divided into two groups according to age and nature of the identified pathology. Group I included girls aged 10–13 years (n = 30; 60.0%). Among them, 18 (60%) had isolated urinary tract diseases, while 12 (40%) had comorbid urinary and genital tract pathologies. Group II consisted of girls aged 14–17 years (n = 20; 40.0%). In this group, isolated urinary tract diseases were found in 8 (40%) patients, and combined urinary and genital tract diseases were observed in 12 (60%). The mean age of patients with comorbid urinary and genital infections was 13.1 ± 1.2 years, which was significantly higher than that o…
subject: Original Paper
  topic: section
subject: adolescent girls
  topic: keywords
subject: puberty
  topic: keywords
subject: urinary tract infections
  topic: keywords
subject: comorbid pathology
  topic: keywords
creator: Sharofat Kuryazova
creator: Muzayana Alyaviya
creator: Dilnoza Samadova
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-24
publication date: 2025-12-24
starting page: 42
ending page: 47
doi: 10.56121/2181-3612-2025-6-42-47

CURRENT PERSPECTIVES ON INFLAMMATORY BRONCHOPULMONARY DISEASES WITH AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION IN CHILDREN
type: item
description: Relevance. Inflammatory bronchopulmonary diseases remain among the leading causes of morbidity in children, particularly those under three years of age. The increasing incidence of bronchial obstruction, antibiotic resistance, and environmental pollution has elevated the clinical and public health significance of this issue. Aim. To explore modern aspects of pathogenesis, clinical features, and therapeutic approaches in children with inflammatory bronchopulmonary diseases accompanied by airway obstruction. Materials and Methods. A review of current national and international literature was conducted, including data on the prevalence of bronchiolitis, acute bronchitis, and community-acquired pneumonia in early childhood, etiological factors (viral and bacterial agents), and recent advances in treatment strategies and clinical recommendations. Results. Respiratory viruses, particularly RSV, metapneumovirus, and coronavirus, remain the dominant etiological factors. The inflammatory process is closely associated with impaired mucociliary clearance, elevated proteolytic activity, and airway remodeling. Environmental pollutants and passive smoking exacerbate disease severity. Pathogenetically targeted therapy — including enzymatic airway sanitation and rational antibiotic use — plays a critical role in management. Conclusions. Early detection and comprehensive treatment of inflammatory bronchopulmonary diseases in children reduce the risk of chronic airway remodeling and improve outcomes. Preventive strategies should focus on viral infection control, environmental health, and the development of pediatric rehabilitation programs.
subject: Article / Review
  topic: section
subject: children
  topic: keywords
subject: bronchiolitis
  topic: keywords
subject: acute bronchitis
  topic: keywords
subject: community-acquired pneumonia
  topic: keywords
subject: obstructive syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: mucociliary clearance
  topic: keywords
subject: proteolytic activity
  topic: keywords
creator: Shoira Agzamova
creator: Xolida Abdurashidova
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-24
publication date: 2025-12-24
starting page: 04
ending page: 11
doi: 10.56121/2181-3612-2025-6-04-11

THE STATE OF IMMUNOREACTIVITY IN CHILDREN DEPENDING ON TYPES OF NUTRITION
type: item
description: Relevance.Exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months of life plays a decisive role in the development of the immune system and healthy growth of children. The aim of the study. To study and compare the immunological status of children depending on the type of feeding. Materials and methods of the study. A total of 123 children with different feeding patterns were examined. Blood tests and immunological assessments were performed using monoclonal antibodies CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD23, CD25, CD38, and CD95 to evaluate cellular and humoral immunity. Research results. Artificially fed children demonstrated a significant increase in lymphocytes, leukocytes, and CD3+ cells, along with a decrease in CD4+. Levels of B-lymphocytes, CD16+, CD23+, and CD38+ were elevated, indicating activation of apoptosis. A marked imbalance of IgM and IgA, increased circulating immune complexes, and higher allergization factors were observed in artificially fed groups. Conclusion. Immunological changes in children are closely related to the type of feeding. Breastfeeding supports the maintenance of immune balance, whereas artificial feeding is associated with physiological depletion of immune system reserves.
subject: Original Paper
  topic: section
subject: breastfeeding
  topic: keywords
subject: artificial feeding
  topic: keywords
subject: immunological status
  topic: keywords
subject: lymphocytes
  topic: keywords
subject: apoptosis
  topic: keywords
creator: Turdiqul Bobojonov
creator: Nafisa Sultanova
creator: Shahnoza Otaboyeva
creator: Mirjalol Abdunazarov
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-24
publication date: 2025-12-24
starting page: 20
ending page: 23
doi: 10.56121/2181-3612-2025-6-20-23

CLINICAL AND PATHOGENETIC FEATURES OF MICROCIRCULATORY CHANGES IN BRONCHOPULMONARY DISEASES IN CHILDREN
type: item
description: Relevance. Inflammatory bronchopulmonary diseases in children, such as bronchitis, pneumonia, and bronchiolitis, remain among the most urgent problems in modern pediatrics. Microcirculatory dysfunction plays a central role in their pathogenesis. Impairment of the microcirculation not only disrupts alveolar gas exchange but also affects tissue trophic supply. Contemporary research highlights a close association between this dysfunction and the imbalance of inflammatory mediators — interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). These mediators alter endothelial cell function, increase capillary wall permeability, cause degradation of the glycocalyx structure, and consequently lead to impaired microvascular perfusion. Objective. The aim of this study was to identify the main pathophysiological mechanisms of microcirculatory dysfunction in inflammatory bronchopulmonary diseases in children, to assess the relationship between the levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8, IL-10) and microcirculatory parameters, and to determine their clinical significance as prognostic biomarkers. Materials and Methods. To evaluate the state of microcirculation in pediatric patients, a comprehensive set of instrumental and laboratory diagnostic methods was applied. Capillaroscopy was used to assess the morphofunctional state of nail-bed capillaries, pulse oximetry was employed to determine arterial oxygenation levels, and blood lactate concentration served as a marker of metabolic hypoxia. Additionally, hemostasiogram parameters and microperfusion indices were calculated. The levels of inflammatory mediators were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), followed by statistical correlation analysis to examine interrelations between cytokine and microcirculatory indicators. Results and Discussion. The analysis revealed a significant increase …
subject: Article / Review
  topic: section
subject: bronchopulmonary diseases
  topic: keywords
subject: microcirculation
  topic: keywords
subject: hypoxia
  topic: keywords
subject: inflammatory mediators
  topic: keywords
subject: endothelial dysfunction
  topic: keywords
creator: Turdiqul Bobomuratov
creator: Fotima Davletova
creator: Guloyim Avezova
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-24
publication date: 2025-12-24
starting page: 24
ending page: 31
doi: 10.56121/2181-3612-2025-6-24-31

FEATURES OF THE HEMOSTASIS SYSTEM IN INFANTS WITH ACUTE PNEUMONIA ON THE BACKGROUND OF PERINATAL CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INJURY
type: item
description: Introduction. Acute pneumonia remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in early childhood. According to WHO data, approximately 15–18% of deaths among children under five years of age are due to lower respiratory tract infections. The course of pneumonia in infants with perinatal central nervous system (CNS) injury—resulting from hypoxia, ischemia, or perinatal asphyxia—is often severe and prolonged. These patients exhibit impaired immune responses, endothelial dysfunction, and disturbances in microcirculation, predisposing them to coagulation abnormalities. Therefore, assessment of the hemostatic system in this population is of critical clinical and prognostic importance. Objective. To evaluate the changes in hemostatic parameters among infants with acute pneumonia associated with perinatal CNS injury and to determine their relationship with disease severity and inflammatory activity. Materials and Methods. A comprehensive review and meta-analysis of 40 national and international studies published between 2015 and 2024 were conducted. Key parameters assessed included fibrinogen, D-dimer, APTT, PT, antithrombin III, protein C, and protein S levels. The concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) were also evaluated. Statistical correlation and regression analyses were applied with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results. Infants with perinatal CNS injury demonstrated significant hemostatic imbalance characterized by hypercoagulation and impaired anticoagulant activity. Fibrinogen and D-dimer levels were increased by 1.5–2 times, while APTT and PT were shortened. Antithrombin III activity decreased by 25–30%. Elevated IL-6 and TNF-α levels showed strong positive correlations with D-dimer concentration (r = 0.62; p < 0.01), confirming the existence of a “coagulation–inflammation” feedback loop. Prophylactic anticoagulant therapy (microdose heparin, dipyridamole, pentoxifylline) significantly reduced thromboembolic complications (by 3–4…
subject: Article / Review
  topic: section
subject: acute pneumonia
  topic: keywords
subject: perinatal CNS injury
  topic: keywords
subject: hemostasis system
  topic: keywords
subject: antithrombin III
  topic: keywords
subject: fibrinogen
  topic: keywords
subject: D-dimer
  topic: keywords
subject: IL-6
  topic: keywords
subject: TNF-α
  topic: keywords
subject: hypercoagulation
  topic: keywords
subject: anticoagulant therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: microcirculation
  topic: keywords
creator: Turdiqul Bobomuratov
creator: Akmal O‘rinov
creator: Guloyim Avezova
creator: Mafura Sagdullayeva
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-24
publication date: 2025-12-24
starting page: 32
ending page: 41
doi: 10.56121/2181-3612-2025-6-32-41

SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF THE NURSE’S PREVENTIVE ROLE IN EARLY DETECTION AND PREVENTION OF ANEMIA AND OBESITY AMONG PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
type: item
description: Introduction. Preschool-aged children (1–5 years) represent a critical stage for growth and health development. Anemia and obesity remain major public health challenges affecting cognitive and physical outcomes. Early detection and prevention are essential to reduce long-term health risks. Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of nurse-led preventive interventions in early detection and prevention of anemia and obesity among preschool children. Materials and Methods. A systematic review was conducted on 150 articles (2000–2025) from Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. Forty-two studies were included in detailed analysis. Keywords used: “Anemia”, “Obesity”, “Preschool children”, “Nurse-led interventions”, “Growth monitoring”, “Prevention”. Data analysis followed PRISMA guidelines. Results and Discussion. Regular growth monitoring (GMP), nurse-led counseling, and community-based interventions significantly reduced the prevalence of anemia and obesity. The most effective strategies were comprehensive approaches integrating nutrition improvement, physical activity, and parental education. Nurses played a central role by bridging healthcare services with families. Conclusion. Evidence from 2000–2025 confirms that nurse-led interventions and growth monitoring are pivotal in preventing nutritional disorders in early childhood. Integrating family and community participation is the cornerstone of sustainable child health promotion.
subject: Article / Review
  topic: section
subject: preschool children
  topic: keywords
subject: anemia
  topic: keywords
subject: obesity
  topic: keywords
subject: growth monitoring
  topic: keywords
subject: prevention, nurse
  topic: keywords
subject: public health
  topic: keywords
subject: family cooperation
  topic: keywords
subject: healthy lifestyle
  topic: keywords
subject: nutritional hygiene
  topic: keywords
creator: Guloyim Avezova
creator: Maxliyoxon Quldasheva
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-24
publication date: 2025-12-24
starting page: 12
ending page: 19
doi: 10.56121/2181-3612-2025-6-12-19

CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES TO MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION WITHOUT CORONARY ARTERY STENOSIS
type: item
description: Non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) is one of the most common forms of acute coronary syndromes and represents a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In recent years, a substantial proportion of patients presenting with a clinical picture of NSTEMI have been found to have no significant coronary artery stenosis on coronary angiography; this condition is currently defined as myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA). This review aims to highlight the pathogenetic mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, risk stratification, and principles of personalized management of myocardial infarction without obstructive coronary artery disease. Diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for MINOCA were analyzed based on international clinical guidelines, large registries, and systematic reviews. MINOCA is a heterogeneous syndrome encompassing multiple pathogenic mechanisms, and treatment tailored to the underlying etiology identified through contemporary imaging modalities significantly improves clinical outcomes. Comprehensive diagnostic evaluation and mechanism-oriented, personalized therapy represent the optimal clinical strategy for patients with NSTEMI presenting as MINOCA.
subject: Article / Review
  topic: section
subject: MINOCA
  topic: keywords
subject: NSTEMI
  topic: keywords
subject: myocardial infarction without coronary stenosis
  topic: keywords
subject: acute coronary syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: high-sensitivity troponin
  topic: keywords
subject: CMR
  topic: keywords
subject: OCT
  topic: keywords
subject: IVUS
  topic: keywords
creator: Mamurjon Maxmudov
creator: Xursand Tursunov
creator: Barno Muhamedova
creator: Maftuna Nazarova
creator: Rasul Kuryozov
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-24
publication date: 2025-12-24
starting page: 162
ending page: 171
doi: 10.56121/2181-3612-2025-6-162-171

EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETIC ASPECTS OF CYSTIC FIBROSIS (LITERATURE REVIEW)
type: item
description: Relevance. Cystic fibrosis (CF), also known as mucoviscidosis or Landsteiner-Fanconi disease, is an autosomal recessive hereditary disorder characterized by systemic damage to the exocrine glands. It manifests as pathological mucus secretion, leading to chronic inflammation and dysfunction of the respiratory, digestive, and reproductive systems. Among all forms of the disease, the intestinal form is the most common, particularly in newborns, making it essential to study its prevalence, immunohistological features, and genetic predisposition. The aim of the research is to investigate the epidemiology and genetic aspects of cystic fibrosis. Results. Analysis of various screening programs indicates that the most effective methods combine biochemical analysis (IRT) with molecular testing (CFTR variant panels). However, the effectiveness of newborn screening (NBS) depends on establishing optimal IRT threshold values, expanding genetic testing panels to account for ethnic specificity, and implementing repeat testing to reduce the proportion of false-negative cases. Conclusion. This review examines current research on the implementation of screening programs, the sensitivity and specificity of tests, and the clinical significance of identified CRMS/CFSPID cases.
subject: Article / Review
  topic: section
subject: cystic fibrosis
  topic: keywords
subject: gene
  topic: keywords
subject: mutation
  topic: keywords
subject: morphology
  topic: keywords
subject: screening
  topic: keywords
creator: Farida Khamidova
creator: Bekzod Khamraev
creator: Jasur Ismoilov
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-04-30
publication date: 2025-04-30
starting page: 93
ending page: 96
doi: 10.56121/2181-3612-2025-2-93-96

MENTAL DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH NEWLY DIAGNOSIS OF TUBERCULOSIS
type: item
description: Relevance. The problem of tuberculosis, as an infectious disease, does not lose its heart against the background of a widespread decrease in tuberculosis. The results of the study indicate the development of borderline mental disorders in patients with tuberculosis after diagnosis, the elimination of which will help increase the effectiveness of complex treatment of tuberculosis. Purpose of the study. Before the end of the second month of anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy, we set ourselves the goal of analyzing the development of observed mental disorders in patients of different ages with newly diagnosed tuberculosis, as well as comparing the obtained results with the control group of healthy people. Materials and methods of the study. The study involved 120 patients who were first diagnosed with tuberculosis. 78 of the patients were male and 42 were female. The control group consisted of relatively healthy people who regularly visited polyclinics, namely 135 men and 45 women. The study was conducted using the method of differential diagnosis of depressive states by V. Zung, adapted by T.I. Balashova. The study was conducted in outpatient and inpatient settings with the participation of patients with depression of mental or organic origin. Research results. Neurogenic mild depression was observed in 18 (23,1%) men and 14 (33,3%) women. A masked depression was observed in 5 (6,4%) men and 8 (19,04%) women. Such people are chronically tired, sleep poorly at night and are excessively sleepy during the day, their memory deteriorates sharply, and they have difficulty concentrating on a particular type of activity. Despite the relatively low percentage of patients in this category, close supervision by a doctor is required. Such individuals experience such conditions as a state of constant depression, a slowdown in mental and labor activity, somatoneurological disorders, a decrease in life needs, a pessimistic assessment of oneself and its place in the surrounding reality. …
subject: Original Paper
  topic: section
subject: sil kasalligi
  topic: keywords
subject: kimyoterapiya
  topic: keywords
subject: depressiv buzilishlar
  topic: keywords
subject: sog’lom shaxslar
  topic: keywords
subject: bemorlar
  topic: keywords
creator: Nargiza Mamatova
creator: Abduvaliy Ashurov
creator: Bakhrombek Abdukhakimov
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-28
publication date: 2025-06-28
starting page: 27
ending page: 30
doi: 10.56121/2181-3612-2025-3-27-30

POST-COVID CHANGES IN CLINICAL AND LABORATORY PARAMETERS AND THEIR INTERRELATIONSHIPS IN CHILDREN WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
type: item
description: Relevance. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly altered the clinical course of many chronic pathologies. Despite the relatively mild course of infection in most children, in the post-COVID period patients with bronchial asthma increasingly present with persistent functional impairments, immune imbalances, and biochemical shifts that can affect disease severity, frequency of exacerbations, and the effectiveness of basic therapy. Objective: to identify the clinical and laboratory features and their correlations in children with bronchial asthma during the post-COVID period. Materials and Methods. To comprehensively study the immune status of children suffering from bronchial asthma (BA) who had previously contracted COVID-19, a clinical and laboratory study was conducted, covering 135 children aged 7 to 15 years. All patients were under observation in pediatric inpatient and outpatient settings. Results and Discussion. A moderate correlation was found between the duration of wheezing and serum potassium (K⁺) levels (r = +0.57), while the relationship with calcium (Ca²⁺) was weak (r = –0.37). The annual frequency of exacerbations correlated negatively with Ca²⁺ (r = –0.42), but showed a strong positive correlation with K⁺ (r = +0.80) and phosphorus (P) (r = +0.71). These findings indicate that clinical manifestations of BA are directly associated with microelements such as potassium and phosphorus, which may aggravate the disease course. Conclusion. The identified changes in microelement levels confirm their importance in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma, especially in the context of viral infection, and they may be considered as additional markers of disease severity and therapeutic effectiveness.
subject: Original Paper
  topic: section
subject: bronchial asthma
  topic: keywords
subject: children
  topic: keywords
subject: COVID-19
  topic: keywords
subject: post-COVID period
  topic: keywords
subject: clinical and laboratory indicators
  topic: keywords
subject: immune status
  topic: keywords
subject: correlation analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Barno Khalmatova
creator: Gulnoza Tashmatova
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-24
publication date: 2025-12-24
starting page: 94
ending page: 100
doi: 10.56121/2181-3612-2025-6-94-100

CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HYPOXIC-ISCHEMIC ENCEPHALOPATHY IN NEWBORNS DEPENDING ON SEVERITY LEVEL
type: item
description: Introduction. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in newborns is one of the most severe forms of perinatal central nervous system injury. This condition develops as a result of oxygen deficiency and impaired cerebral circulation during the intrauterine period, childbirth, or early postnatal stage. The severity of the disease is directly related to the duration and depth of hypoxia, which affects the expression of clinical symptoms, prognosis, and treatment outcomes. Studying the course and clinical manifestations of HIE according to its severity plays an important role in early diagnosis, prognosis assessment, and the selection of effective therapeutic strategies. Objective of the study. To study the clinical characteristics of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in newborns depending on the degree of severity. Materials and methods. The study included 110 newborns diagnosed with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy who were treated in the Department of Neonatal Pathology at City Children's Hospital No. 5. Group 1 consisted of 39 infants with stage I HIE, Group 2 included 36 infants with stage II HIE, and Group 3 comprised 35 infants with stage III HIE. Diagnosis was established based on clinical examination, neurological assessment, and neurosonography of the newborns. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was carried out using Microsoft Excel 2010 and Statistica 6 software packages. Results. The study results demonstrated that in moderate and severe forms of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, the diversity of clinical symptoms may be associated with the dynamics of morphological changes in brain structures. It should be noted that regardless of the degree, nature, depth, and extent of morphological and functional insufficiency of the central nervous system, the similarity and generality of clinical manifestations often make diagnosis challenging.
subject: Original Paper
  topic: section
subject: preterm infants
  topic: keywords
subject: hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
  topic: keywords
subject: severity
  topic: keywords
subject: autonomic disorders
  topic: keywords
creator: Shaxnoza Xojimetova
creator: Muyassar Gulyamova
creator: Feruza Tursunboyeva
creator: Roziya Ochilova
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-24
publication date: 2025-12-24
starting page: 101
ending page: 106
doi: 10.56121/2181-3612-2025-6-101-106

MODERN COURSE OF RECURRENT OBSTRUCTIVE BRONCHITIS IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN AND THE ROLE OF VITAMIN D STATUS
type: item
description: Relevance. Recurrent obstructive bronchitis (ROB) is an inflammatory disease of the bronchi characterized by repeated episodes of inflammation of the mucous and submucosal layers of the bronchial tree, leading to bronchial obstruction due to edema, hypersecretion, and smooth muscle spasm. ROB remains one of the leading causes of pediatric morbidity in preschool-aged children. Objective. To study the clinical features of recurrent obstructive bronchitis (ROBB) in preschoolers and to assess the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and the frequency of exacerbations. Materials and methods. The study included 50 preschool children with ROB. Clinical, laboratory, and instrumental examinations were performed, along with the collection of data on vitamin D intake and environmental factors. Results. Fifty preschool children with recurrent obstructive syndrome were examined. Based on serum vitamin D levels, participants were divided into three groups: Group 1 – children with vitamin D deficiency (n = 15; 30.0%), mean 25(OH)D level 17.6 ± 1.2 ng/mL; Group 2 – children with vitamin D insufficiency (n = 19; 44.0%), mean 24.6 ± 1.2 ng/mL; Group 3 – children with normal vitamin D levels (n = 16; 32.0%), mean 30.6 ± 1.2 ng/mL. The mean age of the participants was 4.2 ± 1.1 years (median — 4.0 years); 28 (56%) were boys and 22 (44%) were girls. A high frequency of exacerbations was observed among children with low vitamin D levels. A statistically significant inverse correlation was found between serum 25(OH)D levels and the number of annual episodes (r = –0.45, p < 0.01). In the group with 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL, the mean number of exacerbations per year was 5.2 ± 1.3, whereas in those with 25(OH)D ≥ 30 ng/mL it was 3.1 ± 1.1 (p = 0.002). Vitamin D deficiency may serve as a marker of increased risk for obstructive exacerbations in preschool children. It is recommended to include serum 25(OH)D assessment in clinical practice and to correct deficiency when necessary. Summary. Our st…
subject: Original Paper
  topic: section
subject: recurrent obstructive bronchitis
  topic: keywords
subject: preschool children
  topic: keywords
subject: vitamin D
  topic: keywords
subject: 25-hydroxyvitamin D
  topic: keywords
subject: exacerbations
  topic: keywords
subject: immunoregulation
  topic: keywords
creator: Sharofat Kuryazova
creator: Khilola Ilkhomova
creator: Gulnoza Erkinova
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-24
publication date: 2025-12-24
starting page: 48
ending page: 52
doi: 10.56121/2181-3612-2025-6-48-52

PREDICTING THE POSSIBILITY OF DEVELOPING MULTIORGAN DEFICIENCY SYNDROME IN PATIENTS WITH PERITONITIS
type: item
description: Study Objective: To determine the feasibility of predicting the development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in children with peritonitis based on an analysis of blood coagulation (hemostasis) parameters. Materials and Methods: The study included 52 children aged 6 to 18 years admitted to the surgical department of the Tashkent State Medical University, with a diagnosis of peritonitis confirmed during surgery. Patients were divided into three groups: Group I (22 children): with localized peritonitis. Group II (22 children): with generalized peritonitis but without obvious clinical and laboratory signs of sepsis (with one or two signs of a systemic inflammatory response). Group III (8 children): with generalized peritonitis and pronounced clinical and laboratory signs of sepsis. Results: Initial analysis showed that all patients with peritonitis had increased blood coagulation compared to normal. Further observation of the disease revealed the following: Children in Group I successfully managed peritonitis thanks to the therapy administered, and they did not develop POES. In Group II, POES developed in 10% of patients, and in 50% of patients in Group III. In cases of POES development, a change in treatment strategy was required. Conclusion: A study of the blood coagulation system in children with peritonitis allowed us to identify three types of the body's response to abdominal infection: Favorable type: characterized by the absence of POES and the presence of no more than two signs of a systemic inflammatory response. Questionable type: accompanied by the development of POES in 10% of cases, with no more than two signs of a systemic inflammatory response. Unfavorable type: associated with the development of POES in 50% of cases and the presence of more than two signs of a systemic inflammatory response, indicating abdominal (peritoneal) sepsis.
subject: Original Paper
  topic: section
subject: peritonitis
  topic: keywords
subject: multiple organ failure
  topic: keywords
subject: children
  topic: keywords
subject: hemostasis
  topic: keywords
subject: fibrinolysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Ixtiyor Mamatkulov
creator: Muzaffar Xaydarov
creator: Amir Beknazarov
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-24
publication date: 2025-12-24
starting page: 53
ending page: 58
doi: 10.56121/2181-3612-2025-6-53-58

RISK FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND FEATURES OF THE COURSE OF URATE NEPHROPATHY IN FREQUENTLY ILL CHILDREN
type: item
description: Objective: To determine the prevalence, risk factors, and clinical features of urate nephropathy (UN) in frequently ill children (FIC). Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at the multidisciplinary clinic of Tashkent State Medical University, in the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, during the period from 2022 to 2024. At Stage I, a retrospective, in-depth analysis of the medical records of 1,323 children aged 3 to 12 years who received inpatient treatment was carried out. At Stage II, a comprehensive clinical examination was conducted on 120 children with a confirmed diagnosis of UN. Results: Among frequently ill children, diseases of the urinary system, including urate nephropathy, occur significantly more often than in healthy children. In FIC, UN is commonly associated with background diseases such as tonsillitis, bronchitis, gastroduodenitis, and others, and is characterized by marked seasonality. The main risk factors for the development of the disease include maternal comorbidities, which may increase the likelihood of kidney tissue pathologies in the child in the future. In children with UN, clinical manifestations show age-specific features depending on the developmental stage of the child. Conclusion: To prevent complications of urate nephropathy in frequently ill children, early detection of urate metabolism disorders and timely correction are essential.
subject: Original Paper
  topic: section
subject: frequently ill children
  topic: keywords
subject: urate nephropathy
  topic: keywords
subject: clinical features
  topic: keywords
subject: risk factors
  topic: keywords
creator: Nargiza Nurmatova
creator: Ulugbek Nurmatov
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-24
publication date: 2025-12-24
starting page: 59
ending page: 65
doi: 10.56121/2181-3612-2025-6-59-65

MICROCIRCULATORY CHANGES AND THEIR PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE IN CHILDREN WITH ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA
type: item
description: Relevance. In recent decades, there has been an increase in the proportion of atypical pneumonias caused by pathogens such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, less frequently Legionella pneumophila, and viral-bacterial associations.Objective. To study the features of microcirculatory disorders in children with atypical pneumonia and to assess their role in the formation of clinical course and prognostic significance of the disease. Materials and Methods. The study included 82 children diagnosed with atypical pneumonia who were hospitalized in the pulmonology department of the Andijan State Medical Institute between 2022 and 2024. The age of patients ranged from 3 to 15 years, with a mean age of 9.2 ± 3.1 years. Among the examined children, there were 45 boys (54.9%) and 37 girls (45.1%). Results. Clinical data analysis revealed that in children with atypical pneumonia, the severity of symptoms and the duration of illness were directly dependent on the severity of the disease. The average duration of fever in patients with mild pneumonia was 4.2 ± 1.1 days, with moderate pneumonia — 7.3 ± 1.8 days, and with severe pneumonia — 11.6 ± 2.4 days (p < 0.01 compared to mild cases). The duration of hospitalization also varied, from 8.4 ± 1.7 days in children with mild pneumonia to 18.2 ± 3.5 days in severe cases. Conclusions. The degree of microcirculatory changes depends on the severity of the disease: in mild cases, moderate perfusion disorders are observed; in moderate cases, pronounced stasis and reduced perfusion indices are noted; and in severe cases, there is a significant suppression of microcirculation up to critical hypoperfusion.
subject: Article / Review
  topic: section
subject: children
  topic: keywords
subject: pneumonia
  topic: keywords
subject: atypical pneumonia
  topic: keywords
subject: Mycoplasma pneumoniae
  topic: keywords
subject: microcirculatory disorders
  topic: keywords
subject: clinical features
  topic: keywords
subject: bronchial obstruction syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: prognosis
  topic: keywords
creator: Baxtiyora Obidova
creator: Gulnoza Tashmatova
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-24
publication date: 2025-12-24
starting page: 66
ending page: 70
doi: 10.56121/2181-3612-2025-6-66-70

PREVALENCE AND MAIN PROBLEMS OF ANEMIA IN CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
type: item
description: Relevance. In recent years, chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a serious global health problem. Mortality due to CKD continues to rise, and according to forecasts, by 2040 these diseases may rank fifth among all causes of death. In children, anemia frequently develops against the background of CKD and is associated with cardiovascular complications and a decrease in quality of life. Moreover, untimely diagnosis and ineffective treatment of anemia accelerate the progression of CKD. Therefore, prevention and optimization of effective treatment methods for CKD-associated anemia in children are of high importance. Objective. To analyze the prevalence of anemia in children with chronic kidney disease, determine the causes of its development, assess the effectiveness of existing therapeutic approaches, and develop preventive recommendations based on these findings. Materials and methods. The analysis was conducted using international databases — PubMed, Scopus, Mendeley, CyberLeninka — and national electronic sources. The search was performed using the keywords “chronic kidney disease in children, anaemia, treatment, prevention” and “children, chronic kidney disease, anemia, prevention.” More than 175 scientific sources were reviewed, and 38 of them were analyzed in depth. Results. The global prevalence of CKD has more than doubled between 1990 and 2021. It was found that the prevalence of CKD among children is nearly comparable to that in adults. The prevalence of anemia in chronic kidney disease depends on the stage of the disease. Among children with CKD stages III–V, anemia was observed in 80–90% of cases. One of the main causes of anemia is reduced erythropoietin production by the kidneys, which occurs even at early stages of CKD. Several challenges in the management of anemia in this group of patients remain unresolved. Conclusion. Anemia is highly prevalent among children with chronic kidney disease, and its severity correlates with the stage of renal insuffic…
subject: Original Paper
  topic: section
subject: chronic kidney disease in children
  topic: keywords
subject: anemia
  topic: keywords
subject: prevalence
  topic: keywords
subject: treatment
  topic: keywords
creator: Gulsora Ochilova
creator: Bahodir Toʻrayev
creator: Akmal Mingbayev
creator: Bibiroziya Habibulloyeva
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-24
publication date: 2025-12-24
starting page: 71
ending page: 78
doi: 10.56121/2181-3612-2025-6-71-78

INFLUENCE OF THYROID HORMONAL IMBALANCE ON THE SEVERITY OF NEPHROTIC SYNDROME IN CHILDREN
type: item
description: Relevance. Nephrotic syndrome (NS) in children is a common kidney disorder often associated with immune and endocrine imbalance. Thyroid hormone changes may affect NS pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment response. Purpose of the study Evaluation of the effect of thyroid dysfunction on the clinical manifestations of NS in children. Materials and methods of the study. Eighty children (1–18 years) with NS and 30 healthy controls were studied. According to serum TSH, T3, and T4, patients were divided into groups with normal thyroid function, hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism. Clinical, biochemical, ultrasound, and immunological parameters were evaluated. Research results. Subclinical hypothyroidism was common in active NS. In hypothyroid patients, edema lasted longer, hypoproteinemia, hypercholesterolemia, and proteinuria were more severe (p<0,05), with frequent relapses and corticosteroid dependence. Conclusion. Thyroid dysfunction increases NS severity. Regular thyroid evaluation and endocrinologist involvement are crucial in pediatric management.
subject: Original Paper
  topic: section
subject: nephrotic syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: thyroid dysfunction
  topic: keywords
subject: children
  topic: keywords
subject: hypothyroidism
  topic: keywords
subject: proteinuria
  topic: keywords
creator: Lola Rakhmanova
creator: Mukaddas Boltaboeva
creator: Shakhodat Matkarimova
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-24
publication date: 2025-12-24
starting page: 79
ending page: 82
doi: 10.56121/2181-3612-2025-6-79-82

CLINICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA IN CHILDREN WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA ASSOCIATED WITH MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE AND CHLAMYDIA PNEUMONIAE
type: item
description: Objective To study the clinical and microbiological alterations of the intestinal microbiota in children with bronchial asthma associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae infections, and to determine their correlation with disease severity. Materials and Methods. From 2023 to 2025, 78 children aged 7–15 years with bronchial asthma were observed at the Department of Pediatric Allergology, Tashkent Medical Academy. Patients were distributed according to asthma severity: mild — 41 children, moderate — 23 children, and severe — 14 children. A control group consisted of 42 healthy children. All subjects underwent serological testing (for antibodies to M. pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae), spirometry, and microbiological analysis of intestinal flora. Results and Discussion. Infections caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae were found to exacerbate the clinical course of bronchial asthma in children. These infections lead to significant dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota, characterized by a decrease in beneficial bacteria (Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus) and an increase in opportunistic microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Clostridium, Bacteroides). The imbalance in the intestinal microbiome correlated with disease severity. In children with severe asthma, the level of beneficial bacteria decreased by 45–55%, while opportunistic flora increased by 30–40% compared to the control group. Additionally, elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, TNF-α) and immunoglobulin E (IgE) were observed, indicating an intensified immune response and persistent airway inflammation. Conclusion. Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae infections aggravate the course of bronchial asthma in children and induce intestinal dysbiosis. The reduction of beneficial bacteria and the overgrowth of conditionally pathogenic flora are associated with more severe forms of asthma. Alterations in the intestinal microbiota modulate immune activity by increas…
subject: Original Paper
  topic: section
subject: Bronchial asthma
  topic: keywords
subject: children
  topic: keywords
subject: Mycoplasma pneumoniae
  topic: keywords
subject: Chlamydia pneumoniae
  topic: keywords
subject: intestinal microbiota
  topic: keywords
subject: dysbiosis
  topic: keywords
creator: Gulnoza Tashmatova
creator: Zilola Xalilova
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-24
publication date: 2025-12-24
starting page: 83
ending page: 86
doi: 10.56121/2181-3612-2025-6-83-86